Baltimore's Patapsco Baking Powder

William Pitt Clotworthy (1829Ireland-1902) of Baltimore created and patented Patapsco Baking Powder. The following excerpt from Howard's The Monumental City [Baltimore] 1873, is about its contents and unnamed earlier competitors – Bird (1843), Horsford (Rumford 1859) and Royal (1866).

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Refrigerated Railroad Cars and other cattle transport

Cattle - and pigs and turkeys - were walked to towns or cities to provide meat for consumers.  Ice cooled railroad cars later in the 1800s enabled the beef to be butchered in Chicago and elsewhere then shipped east.

"Ice tank" loaded from top.